In Europe, every region has its own economic and technological characteristics, with research and development (R&D) determined by the level of investment and of high-tech jobs. For example, in the Basque Country 2.2% of GDP was assigned to research and development in 2021, a figure very similar to the EU27 average (2.3%).
European areas like Brussels (Belgium) and Stuttgart (Germany) stand out for their high levels of employment in R&D and technology. In Brussels, 2.5% is invested in R&D, and high-tech employment accounts for 6.7%. Upper Bavaria in Germany and the Île de France are also competitive in terms of high-tech jobs, at 8.2% and 9.4% respectively.
In Eastern Europe, Prague and Budapest stand out for high-tech jobs. Investment in R&D stands at 2.8% in Prague, and high-tech employment at 12.7%. Scandinavian regions also have high figures, for example Stockholm (11.1%) and Helsinki (10.9%).